Moll Flanders: From Innocence to Maturity Essay

Moll Flanders is the central character of the novel â€Å"Moll Flanders†, who was born in Newgate, England and passed different phases of her life across England and America. The entire novel depicts those phases of her life through five marriages, among which only one was fruitful. Between her marriages and through them, the character of Moll Flanders evolves which shows her ingenuity, energy and determination to survive and do well. Moll is born in a prison in Newgate and soon after her birth, her mother is deported to America alone, to serve her punishment. She is taken over by a group of gypsy, with whom she lived until she was three years old. Then she was raised by a nurse until she was eight. It was tradition that she should now find a job as a servant, like many other orphan children. However, this is when we see the first piece of Moll’s intelligence when she pleads that she could be a ‘gentlewoman’ with whatever little education and work skill she has achieved so far. Soon, she becomes a celebrity and was assisted by many women and finally was taken by one of the prominent families where she grows like the other daughters of the family. So, if we look thoroughly up to this phase of Moll’s life, we see the ingenuity of her character which she keeps growing over time through the rest of the novel. As the elder son of the family becomes physically intimate with Moll, she starts to become emotionally very intimate to him. She starts to believe that she could be a wife someday in that house. However, soon she turns wrong and learns the about the harshness male dominance. Later, she marries the younger brother and gives birth to 2 children. We see Moll starts to become self-sufficient through this phase of life. She understands that if she wants to get herself as a respectable woman in the society, she requires the identity of being married to a gentleman. However, it is also interesting to observe that she still preserves a sense of dignity in her. The thought of lying with the elder brother for financial reason disgusts her. But she grows a perspective which decides her reaction to such events and let her choose the appropriate course of action to survive. She becomes aware of the physical relationship but at the same time she becomes pragmatic and marries the elder brother. Soon after the death of her first husband, she gets married to a draper. But her second marriage does not last long either as the tradesman becomes a fugitive and runs away to France. And the wealth that Moll has achieved over the period of affair with the elder brother, comes down to less than half. And this is when she falls into a strange kind of problem of having no husband despite having one. But she finds a solution by concealing her true identity and becomes a trickster to get married again. It is notable that at this stage of her life, she realizes that being honest and devoted to relationship does not always settle a woman into a society. Her love for the elder brother is real but is not enough to achieve a stable life. Life teaches her to be tricky and she tricks her step-brother to marry her by vowing him that he would still marry her even if she is penniless. After being married for the third time, Moll goes to Virginia with her husband and starts to live a happy and prosperous life. However, that does not last long as the secret is soon revealed that she has married her own half-brother. Moll’s reaction at this stage of her life is quite contrasting to the rest of her reactions previously. So far she has exposed mostly the negative aspects of her character to get a sustainable life. However, despite being happy with her step-brother, she decides to leave her. This time her moral principle wins over other consideration and she expresses her disgust over this incestuous relationship. Even her own mother cannot convince her to forget everything and live the life. So, she returns to England by leaving behind a perfect life in America. As she returns to England, she starts to live in a place called Bath, which is known more to find a mistress than a wife. After three unsuccessful marriages, Moll becomes aware that she has to be very careful about her next relationship. She meets a banker who is ready to marry her but she denies after knowing that he already has a wife who is insane. She says she would only consider marrying him if the banker can obtain a divorce. This shows the sign of her being matured over time. She also meets another man named Jemy, who becomes her fourth husband and perhaps her best match. Jemy is another trickster, like Moll herself. So, this phase of Moll’s life shows her calculated treatment to the male companions and her sensitivity in getting married. However, she and Jemy cross each other in the same game and they fitted each other rightly, and in later life it proves right. So, at this segment of her life, we see the little morals and bits of wisdom which shows the ultimate maturity of Moll Flanders. Going through the life of Moll Flanders through her first four marriages, one might say she is hard to stand. But despite her less than appealing qualities, we see the development of a woman who leads a hard fought life. Interestingly, Daniel Defoe has chosen a character of low moral as the principal protagonist of this novel which is rather uncommon. But her imperfection and the nature of fluidness in her character glorify the fight of a woman from an era when they were seen as an inferior. And through the first four marriages, we see the evolution of an ordinary girl towards sensible maturity to sustain in a society which is vulnerable for women.

Loss of Innocence in the Puritan Society

In the Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne hones in on the contrast between good versus bad and the loss of innocence that defies that line. Hester Prynne is a symbol of shame and sin to the puritan society, however she once was an innocent and honorable woman. On page 76, Hawthorne repeats the phrase â€Å"At her, child of honorable parents†¦ At her, mother of a babe†¦ At her. † This repetition emphasizes the way Hester was once viewed as a symbol of purity and honor in the puritan community.Hawthorne also uses phrases like â€Å"Child of honorable parents†, â€Å"mother of a babe† and â€Å"had once been innocent† to contrast Hester’s sin with the innocence that she once had. This is also an example of pathos because the author is reaching out to the reader and making a point of the difference between Hester as a symbol of innocence and purity, and Hester as a symbol of shame and mistake. These phrases create a fine line between what is good and what is bad in the puritan community.Hawthorn later uses phrases like â€Å"heap of shame†, â€Å"misery†, â€Å"frailty†, â€Å"sinful passion†, â€Å"doom† and â€Å"alien† to make an example of Hester and emphasize her terrible actions. The diction in these phrases expresses the negative outlook toward Hester in society. She made a bad decision that haunts her and causes society to view her loss of innocence as a symbol of sin and dishonesty, to a point where they alienate her from the community. Hawthorne also uses the phrase â€Å"It may seem marvelous†¦ It may seem marvelous†¦ It may seem marvelous,† over and over again.This repetition also draws a contrast between the things that haunt Hester in her community and her desire to remain where she lives rather than pack up and move away. The author is saying that with all of the hatred and shame that haunts Hester in Boston, it is marvelous that she chooses to st ay rather than flee. Something about her sin and guilt there makes her want to stay instead of running from it. This shows the moral strength and integrity in Hester as a character. Although she made a terrible decision and has lost the innocence that she once had, there is no clearly defined line in her character between good and bad.Sometimes good people make bad decisions. In this case, Hester is such a strong willed character that she chose an individual freedom over the conformity in the puritan era when she committed her crime. In conclusion, Hawthorne makes an example of Hester Prynne in the puritan era to show the conformity and honor that society lived by. When Hester committed that sin, she became a symbol of shame and loss of innocence to the puritan community. Through the use of repetition, pathos, and diction, Hawthorne discusses the line between good versus bad in the puritan era and how loss of innocence effects that balance.

Assignment Database

Else, you could wind up with a failure to rapidly record, sort and discover patients who have relating scenes of forethought, arrangements, authentic cases, and so forth. Similarly, you may need to guarantee that patients with open scenes of consideration, for example, those that are inpatients or are on a holding up rundown can't be erased or changed, on the grounds that such differentiations could have a risky impact on your database's honesty. Whether the issue causes lost or degenerate patient records, whichever way such audacious possibly be left unattached, gliding round your framework with no placeholder or legitimate way.In this manner, without referential trustworthiness you will be left with a database that can't run at an ideal execution level and is at danger from administrators. Referential Integrity empowers you to administer a predictable and approved database. Case in point, in a patient database you may need to guarantee that no patients could be entered into the fra mework without an extraordinary patient ID. Else, you could wind up with a failure to rapidly record, sort and discover patients who have comparing scenes of rethought, errands, authentic cases, and so on.Just as, you may need to guarantee that patients with open scenes of forethought, for example, those that are inpatients or are on a holding up rundown can't be erased or altered, on the grounds that such differentiations could have an unsafe impact on your database's honesty. Whether the issue causes lost or degenerate patient records, whichever way such audacious possibly be left unattached, drifting around your framework with no placeholder or coherent way. Consequently, without referential honesty you will be left with a database administrators. SIZE 4: QUEUE 5: QUEUE 6:Dater currently woven into each segment and capacity in the worldwide economy, and, in the same way as other key components of creation, for example, hard possessions and human capital, much of up to date invest ment movement basically couldn't happen without them. The utilization of Big Data -? extensive pools of death might be united and examined to perceive examples and settle on better choices -? will turn into the foundation of rivalry and development for unique firms, upgrading benefit and making huge worth for the world economy by decreasing waste and expanding the nature of items and administrations.As of recently, the torrent of defoliating our reality has been a marvel that likely just energize a couple of attends. At the same time we are presently at an intonation point. As stated by examination from the McKinney Global Institute (MGM) and McKinney & Company's Business Tech oenology Office, the sheer volume Of desecrated, put away, and dug for experiences has ended up financially pertinent to organizations, government, and buyers.The historical backdrop of past patterns in IT financing and improvement and its effect on intensity and benefit firmly propose that Big Data can have a comparable force, in reticular the capability to change our lives. The same preconditions that permitted past waves of IT-empowered advancement to power gainfulness, I. E. , innovation improvements emulated by the selection of reciprocal administration developments, are set up for Big Data, and we need suppliers of Big Data engineering and propelled logical proficiencies to have in any event to the extent that effect on benefit as suppliers of different sorts of innovation.All organizations need to take Big Data and its possibility to make esteem genuinely on the off chance that they need to contend. For instance, a few retailers grasping huge dataset the possibility to build their working edges by 60 for every penny. Enormous Data: another advantage The utilization of Big Data is turning into a vital path for heading organizations to beat their companions. In most businesses, built contenders and new contestants apparently equivalent will power derivative techniques to enhance, co ntend, and catch esteem.For sure, we discovered early samples Of such utilization of attain every area we inspected. In human services, dapperness are investigating the wellbeing results of pharmaceuticals when hey were generally recommended, and uncovering profits and dangers that were not obvious throughout fundamentally more constrained clinical trials. Other early adopters of Big Data are utilizing taproom sensors installed within items from youngsters' toys to modern merchandise to figure out how these items are really utilized as a part of this present reality.Such knowledge then advises the formation of new administration offerings and the outline of future items Enormous Data will help to make new development open doors and altogether new classes of organizations, for example, those that total and iciest industry information. A significant number of these will be organizations that sit amidst extensive data streams where outboard items and administrations, purchasers and sup pliers, purchaser inclination and plan might be caught and dissected.Forward-speculation pioneers crosswise over segments ought to start forcefully to fabricate their associations' Big Data competencies. Notwithstanding the sheer scale of Big Data, the continuous and high-recurrence nature of the dater likewise vital. Case in point, â€Å"miscasting,† the capacity to gauge measurements, for example, hopper certainty, quickly, something which formerly could just be carried out reflectively, is getting to be all the more broadly utilized, adding impressive force to expectation.Likewise, the high recurrence of tapestries clients to test speculations in close constant and to a level at no other time conceivable. We examined five spaces in profundity human services and retail in the United States, the general population segment in Europe, and assembling and individual area data(the area desecrated by the keen cell phones large portions of us now convey) universally and some compre hensively appropriate methods for leveraging enormous damagers. References (Insights & Publications, ND).

Soccer in the USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Soccer in the USA - Research Paper Example It is imperative that before the awarding of the FIFA Soccer World Cup hosting rights to Russian and Qatar for the 2018 and the 2018 edition rights, the United States had itself made its bid be known. In framing its bids, the US bid committee envisaged that the host cities for the world cup will benefit immensely in its socio-economic sectors. However, from previous debate and research of hosting of world cup in other areas, it has been proven that the impacts may be myriad depending on the circumstances. This means that, while other countries and cities have successfully hosted the FIFA Soccer World Cup and reaped the benefits of hosting it, others have miserably failed to realize any benefits. For instance, while it was believed that the World Cup 1994 hosted by the United States would bring massive economic and social benefits to host cities; analysis after the tournament was quite the contrary. After this particular tournament, the average city had reduced income as compared to the predictions of the benefits as opposed to what had been predicted. Just like hosting any other major event like Olympics, most bids to host the FIFA Soccer World Cup are made with economic benefits as the most desired results. However, from the onset, it is important to note that the computation of the economic impacts of these events rarely factor in the costs of putting up the venues for hosting the events. While the United States bid to hosts either the 2018 or the 2012 World Cup was mainly hinged on the fact that the nation would reap about US $ 5 billion in economic benefits, the results from other countries which have hosted such tournaments present a different picture. This is because in some of these nations that have hosted the Soccer World Cup such as more recently in South Africa 2010, hosting the event can have serious consequences on the public finances of these host cities. In South

Employment Law--Case Report Part2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Employment Law-- Report Part2 - Case Study Example In some countries (such as Canada), employment laws related to unionised workplaces are differentiated from those relating to particular individuals. In most countries however, no such distinction is made. The labour movement has been instrumental in the enacting of laws protecting labour rights in the 19th and 20th centuries." 1 "In this case the EAT held that nurses providing a telephone service from their own homes at night were working throughout the night, even though they were able to do as they wished and might be asleep between telephone calls. The employees provided emergency nursing cover for nursing homes through a booking service that was staffed by qualified nurses 24 hours a day. During the day the service was provided from various offices but at night it was provided by nurses working from their homes. The Inland Revenue NMW Compliance Team served an enforcement notice on the employer. The Employment Tribunal considered that there was essentially no difference between the day workers and the night workers, except that the night workers worked from home. The Tribunal therefore concluded that the nurses were working for the whole of their night shift. The EAT upheld the decision of the Tribunal. ... ies approached their mutual obligations and the way remuneration was calculated; and the extent to which the period during which work was performed was ascertainable. The fact that the nurses were remunerated according to a shift system illustrated the nature of the obligation, since the employer would not be expected to pay them for time when they were not working. The EAT considered that the nurses' situation was different from that of other home workers because they could not choose the periods of time during the night when they answered the telephone calls. The continuing obligation to hold themselves ready to answer the telephone throughout the night was an important element in considering which periods of time constituted work. The main issue was what was to be regarded as their "actual work". The EAT emphasised that the task is to look at all the facts of the case, rather than trying to apply a general rule or categorise the nature of the work involved." 01 Further more detailed description of type and work of National Minimum Wage Compliance Team is as Follows: "The National Minimum Wage Compliance Team is an arm of the Inland Revenue charged with the task of enforcing the minimum wage with extensive powers to bring infringing employers to the Tribunal. It has had a remarkable track record of success with well selected and well prepared cases. The result is greater compliance with the NMW, more money for workers and more tax and NI revenue for the Treasury. British Nursing Association -v- Inland Revenue ( National Minimum Wage Compliance Team ) concerned workers who operated a telephone booking service for a bank nurse agency. During the day the service was conducted from the employer's premises, but the night shift worked from their homes. The calls

Formal legal advice to Richard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Formal legal advice to Richard - Essay Example THE FACTS ABOUT THE CASE OF RICHARD AND JOHN 2. The basic facts appear as follows. 3. Richard is a singer and a performer while John has been his manager for three years. The issue that arises here is the role of John as a manager and the roles of Richard as his employer. The manner in which the two are supposed to relate to each other without conflict of interest is a big issue.1 4. Richard and John had some disagreements because John is convinced that Richard was taking bookings and performing without telling him or compensating him. The issue that arises here is whether Richard had a right to perform and take bookings on the back of his manager and without compensating him. One is also left wondering whether John could substantiate his claims or it was out of malice. If indeed Richard was acting on the back of John, it will be interesting to know whether he ought to have compensated John.2 5. After the disagreements, Richard walked out, yet the terms of the contract had stipulated that they should work together for 10 years. Whether Richard did the right thing to walk out following the disagreements is a debatable issue. The other issue that arises is whether Richard should compensate John for breaching their agreement.3 6. It has also come to light that John was acting on the back of Richard, by taking advantage of a physical similarity between them and allegedly making profitable appearances on stage and television as well as forwarding his business using Richard’s personal confidential information. This disclosure leaves much for the eyes to desire because it is most probable that Richard ignored John after realizing his negative conduct, which is also contrary to their agreement and which is against the copyright property which is protected.4 7. John is illegally copying new music Richard had made. This raises the question of copyright violation.5 8. Richard obtains an incorrectly addressed email from John, which reveals that he was about to emigr ate to china and base his business there. The issue here is whether Richard should take advantage of this confidential information to pursue his case. Again, the fact that John wants to emigrate to china will complicate Richard’s attempts to prosecute the case.6 9. THE LAW This case will refer to the following laws: Seager v Copydex Ltd (No. 2) [1969] 1 WLR 809 [1] Allied Arab Bank Ltd v Hajjar (1988) QB 787 [2] DeFrancesco v Barnum (1890) 45 Ch D 430 [3] Series 5 Software Ltd v Clarke [1996] 1 All ER 853 [4] Office Angels Ltd v Rainer Thomas and O’Conner [1999] IRLR 214 [5] William Robinson & Go. V Heuer (1898) 2 Ch. 451 [6] Page One Records v Britton [1968] 1 WLR 157 [7] Lumley v Wagner (1852) 1 De GM & G 604 [8] Warner Bros Pictures Inc. v Nelson [1937] 1 KB 209

Ethical Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 10

Ethical Energy - Essay Example ore selecting a method that will generate adequate power for the present, have the potential for expansion to meet future needs and is minimally damaging to the environment. Due to the large investment involved, ethical issues that may result in selection of an inappropriate source or power generation is a factor that has to be considered. This is a preliminary report for the Board of Directors of Karsson arguing for a source that will be satisfactory regarding all the parameters mentioned above. It will take into consideration the advantages and disadvantages inherent in different methods of power generation along with ethical issues that have to be taken into consideration. (Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector). Greenhouse gases are those which absorb harmful radiation that is given off by the surface of the earth after it absorbs it from the sun’s rays. â€Å"Greenhouse [GH] molecules are those that absorb terrestrial radiation, that which is emitted by the Earth’s surface as a result of the warming effect of incoming solar radiation.† (Barrett 2005, p.1037). The greenhouse gases found in the earth’s atmosphere are water (vapour), CO2 or carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. This is given in the decreasing order of absorption with ozone having the least absorption capability. (Ozone plays a major role in blocking UV and other harmful rays from the sun rather than retaining or absorbing from the earth’s surface). This absorption is important to maintain life sustaining temperature. But when levels of these gases increase (due to pollution) the heat generated is more than what is required or safe and ultimately results in the phenomenon called global warming. The chart given above shows the greenhouse emission as per sector or industry. It can be seen that the biggest contributor of greenhouse gases is from power stations. It is true that some methods of generation are more harmful than others and this will be discussed later in this

Project systems and methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Project systems and methods - Essay Example PRINCE has been able to stem this tide of failure, principally through the introduction of structures and standards that have gained wide acceptance. It has also become one of the icons of best practices in project management in the information technology sector, especially in Europe. The PRINCE 2 methodology has a project cycle made up of five distinct phases. These include (i) project definition and organization (ii) planning (iii) control (iv) risk management and (v) change management. The project definition and organization phase delineates roles required to get the identified problem(s) addressed. It also seeks during this phase to identify requisite personnel that can best fulfill the roles identified. The mechanism and processes for carrying out these roles or functions are also stipulated. Issues pertaining to ownership of outcomes that can possibly affect project completion are also sorted out. A major drawback of this phase and the entire methodology for that matter, is that enough room is not given for problem identification and deliberation. It sets out to identify roles for people before the actual problems and the solutions devised for them are tested on a pilot basis. A major deficiency of this kind often spills unto successive phases of the project. The planning phase designs the project after taking technical considerations into account. What is developed at this stage is carried out on a pilot basis to enable the strengths and weaknesses associated with it to be identified. The feedback received is used in fine-tuning the document and in developing technical and resource plans for the project. It is important to point out here that what may have been considered a problem initially , which necessitated the development of the project, may differ remarkably from what may emerge from the pilot stage. If at this stage roles have already been identified and personnel assigned, it is quite clear that they may not be suitable for the roles assigned them. The control phase considers the procedures and processes for instituting effective control of the project. It defines control and decision points and the means for achieving them. It therefore outlines how and when project team meetings and reporting times should be done. The last two phases, namely risk and change management assess the potential sources of risk and how they could be mitigated. It also looks at what can possibly prevent the project from realizing its goals and maps out measures for addressing them. Pacelli (2004) has identified risk and issue management as an important but often easily overlooked aspect of successful project management. As a technique for managing projects, PRINCE 2 scores high marks for its implementation phase, as its sets out detailed processes and procedures for ensuring project success. Other merits associated with the methodology can be summarized as follows:- * It encourages the use of a common vocabulary, procedures, processes and documentation. This results in standardized projects when the PRINCE 2 software is used. * Its standards have wide acceptance in the information technology industry, especially in Europe. *It encourages the application of Jo Owen ( 2002)'s concept of 'Management by walking away". This approach gives project personnel ample

German Photomontage in 1920s and 1930s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

German Photomontage in 1920s and 1930s - Essay Example Hoch was raised in a conventional, middle-class, small-town family. She moved to Berlin during World War I to study art and work for a women's magazine. It was during these years that she became a member f Berlin Dada. She showed her works regularly with the Dada group but did not establish an international reputation as an artist until after the Dada movement had fallen apart. Cut With The Kitchen Knife includes more than 150 illustrations f works Hoch created during 1918-1933, the Weimar years. Hoch assembled her montages by selecting photographs f women from illustrated print sources and juxtaposing them with fragments f scenes from Weimar and German colonial society. Readers will be intrigued by the surprising even shocking compositions which combine the pleasure f viewing mass media images with critical, even destructive feelings about the subject matter. Maud Lavin offers both interpretation and critical analysis f these montages. (Freud 1955, 145-72) Unless you're very knowledgeable, German art in the twentieth century has been done by men, and German women in the twentieth century have been reduced to the equation Woman=Nature, to child-like whores or to old whores, or the scary, brittle, maneating New German Woman. Masks. What a delight to discover the work f Hannah Hoch (1889-1978). The Walker Art Center has mounted an exhibition f her photomontages which will travel from there to the Museum f Modern Art and to the Los Angeles County Museum f Art. The Photo-montages f Hannah Hoch is the catalogue for the exhibition. "Photomontage" (associated with the German word montieren, to assemble or to fit,) was used by the Berlin Dadaists to describe their piecing together f photographic and typographic sources, usually cut from the printed mass media. The Dadaists enjoyed the mechanica--and proletarian--connotations f the term and used it to distinguish their work from Cubist collage. Although Hannah Hoch worked in other media--useful black and white reproductions f her drawings and oil paintings accompany the text--all her work contained the elements she perfected in the photomontages she made for nearly sixty years. (Burgin 1982, 177-216) The obligatory scholarly essays describing Hoch's life and work are inoffensive and useful But the colour plates are glorious. One hundred and nine reproductions are accompanied by a brief bit f text commenting on a play f words in the tide f a work or providing an historical detail or biographical sketch f a ballerina or industrialist or describing how the original mass media sources were manipulated by the artist. This detail, small colour reproductions f the original sources, conveys the creativity f the curators f this catalogue. Showing how a reproduction f drapery from an advertisement was cut, fumed on its side, and conjoled into becoming waves on the surface f water is magic. Somehow words, the right words, said about a work f art make the work f art visible. Magic. The Photomontages, naturally, conveys the same old sad story f the boys refusing to acknowledge that a girl had played in

Reading report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading report - Coursework Example As far as the notion of nation includes an aspect of community and cooperation in order to build strong nation with invincible values and social order people should unite for common well-being. I agree with Clinton’s assertion of importance of national service, although his suggestions how to implement the service and inspire people to serve others don’t look like the kind of social education, that would make young people to understand the importance of national service, because it more looks like enforcement to serve. The main principle that young people are supposed to learn by serving their country is that not only a country should support people but people in turn have to give something back by serving the community they live in. If, for instance, to make it easier for young people to hold low-paying public service job, as Clinton suggests, so that they could still pay their student loans, it will not make young people more aware of importance of public service. The y will take it as a necessary obligation. In the meantime the concept of social service includes people’s awareness of them being citizens and the fact that citizenship means shared responsibility and co-existence with other citizens. Thus I believe that the very first thing which must be implemented is a special public service education that would make people aware of the fact that human co-existence stands on such things as compassion and mutual aid. Furthermore, people should realize that helping each other is not only an obligation but it is a joy and also a kind of profit; because if they start doing all the public service that is, as Clinton claims, â€Å"must be done† eventually the quality of their lives will become better because everybody else will start contributing more to common well-being. Thus, I believe that Clinton’s aims are reasonable and probably are supposed to maintain national strength, though his

Use of Technology in Forensic Accounting Investigation Essay

Use of Technology in Forensic Accounting Investigation - Essay Example Use of Technology in Forensic Accounting Investigation A forensic investigation is normally undertaken so as to solve both criminal and civil cases in a court of law. The cases that are solved involve fraud, tracing of stolen assets and money that has been laundered. The objects collected during an investigation act as forms of evidence as to what really transpired before and after the incident happens. Forensic accountants gather evidence that is used in carrying out investigations of financial crimes that may take time and effort to compile and complete in the appropriate way. They are expected to follow rules that should be applied in the local courts as per the stipulated policies and principles that govern the exercise. An accident refers to an event or a sequence that occurs as a result of careless driving and unintentional circustamances while crime is an event that violates a policy. The proof that the accident occurred is shown by provision of evidence of event. The role played by technology in carrying forensic investigation involves improving the criminal investigation process so as to ease the work of the police of tracking all types of persons who may be violating the law. The businessmen as well as the police benefit from using information technology because enables them carry out their businesses in the right way and also trap criminals who are a threat to their lives and businesses. (Kanellis, 2006:20). The criminal records and suspect information are normally computerized therefore any investigator in any part of a country can access information that is relevant to conduct an investigation concerning any suspected criminal. Computer files are searched according to the investigators desires since relevant information can be found within the computerized system. Computer models are important information technology facilities that assist a designer in testing designs through using many conditional systems that have been stipulated within an act. Artificial intelligence is a program that is used by the police in obtaining pictures, age and determining predictions so as to point out areas where there may be crime. Cyberspace enables the police to track and trap criminals who frequently steal individual's property while at their residential areas. This technology is also used in trapping vehicles that have been carjacked since the computer has mechanism that shows the routes taken by a driver during and after the vehicle has been stolen, hence the vehicles can be traced with ease. Technology products and their usefulness in carrying out forensic investigation The use of technological appliances such as the DNA_on-a-chip helps the forensic practitioners to move fast to the scene of incident so as to carry out an investigation on the cause and effect of the criminal activity. The importance of using this type of facility is that it helps to create awareness concerning the strategic factors that are necessary when carrying out an investigation in the police force. It also helps in enlightening the forensic science providers, government and the higher education personnel thus giving them the necessary insight to fight crime (Kanellis, 2006:20). Digital forensics is a facility that is used in assisting people in carrying out investigation processes that are based on following the physical crime scene procedures. Investigations are carried out through preserving a system and searching for the digital events that took place at the scene of an incident or accident. The

Ethics Assessment Essay Example for Free

Ethics Assessment Essay It is a fact that any business organization must have its principles of code of conduct. These principles must be generally accepted as they act as a mirror to the company’s or organization’s policy of ethics and responsibility, its employees, and the entire marketing team in maintaining consumer as well as community relationships. The organization’s policy has to be based on high-level ethical principles that are fair to all its stake holders. The aim of these principles is to provide a general guidance to the organization without which no meaningful business can take place (Dubois Fattore, 2009). The mission statement, just like the code of ethics or code of conduct, is very essential as part of the organization’s business plan. It is very vital in giving the organization a clear direction concerning how the organization’s plans should be implemented as well as its future plans. The employee handbook Is another equally as important document and it is often used to evaluate the worker’s organization’s overall performance in terms of profitability and its relation with its customers and the general community. The management of any company or organization is supposed to take routine evaluation based on the key areas of the company’s or organizations set-up. These are the Mission Statement, the Ethics Code or Code of Ethics, the Supervisor’s manual as well as the employee handbook. These are the basic things that a company needs so as to be able to survive in the highly competitive world of business where excellent service delivery is the secret to success. The mission statement of any company or organization should be clear to all concerned; the employees, the supervisors and the managers in that order. The mission statement originates from the management and it is here that the managers map out the company’s guide and modes of operation (Stone, 2008). The overall manager or director of the organization should then discuss it thoroughly with fellow managers of the various departments to make sure that it meets the right description of the company before it is released to the employees and subsequently the general public who make up the target market. In order for a mission statement to be deemed successful, it must reach the intended audience as fast as possible and in a clear manner. The services or goods that the company or organization offers are sometimes not well spelt out. This leads to a misunderstanding, miscommunication or misinterpretation . This in turn leads to loss of business because the customers do not know much about the business or exactly what it is that they offer. An example is that of the hospitality industry. Some companies or organization do not care to include in their mission statement full details of what they offer. In such a case a customer may enter a business premise not knowing anything that the organization offers. If prospective customers do not know the full details of the company’s or organizations mission, then disappointment is the result and this The result in most cases is disappointment and loss of prospective customers. Such an oversight should be avoided by setting out clearly on paper what it is that the organization is dealing in instead of leaving it upon customers to guess. A mission statement is the heart of the company’s operations and therefore the managers should make sure that the set code of ethics or conduct is adhered to for the implementation of the company’s or organization’s mission to be successful. Two different companies dealing in the same goods and services were evaluated in terms of how their structures for the communication of their mission statement with relation to their business ethics and standards. In some strange way it was identified that the organization with a wide range of mission statement content performed worse than the organization with a wider range of code of ethics content (Shafritz Hyde, 2007). The above fact is characteristic of the mission and vision statement of the giant Coca Cola company which they describe as enduring, a declaration of their purpose as a corporation. This mission statement acts as the yardstick against which they weigh their decisions and actions. The company acknowledges that the world is fast changing and as such they have to look at the future. They have to understand the forces and trends likely to shape their business in the foreseeable future and the only solution is to move with speed in preparing for any challenges that may come up. The mission statement takes one only a few seconds to go through but the clarity of the message is outstanding. The three point statement reads; ‘To Refresh the World in body, mind, and spirit. , To Inspire Moments of Optimism through our brands and our actions. , To Create Value and Make a Difference everywhere we engage’ (Fry, 1989). The company’s mission is communicated to the public in a clear and simple way and this is the reason for the continued confidence consumers have always had confidence in their brands over the years. Theirs is a perfect example of an inspiring, well-crafted mission statement from a very successful corporation in the world. The company communicates its mission statement through an aggressive campaign aimed at sensitizing the consumers about their aims and goals. The inspiration for everything they do I attributed to their enduring mission. Both the workers and the management find the resolve to go on with the challenges of the corporate world by drawing from the inspiration in the mission statement. Coca Cola has as a result managed to outsmart other well positioned companies like Pepsi Cola and Schweppes Cola which had for sometime rivaled the corporation. The company is socially responsible. It has, through its mission statement managed to create stable communities by manufacturing superb brands that has provided an alternative to other less health-sensitive drinks. The factors behind this are the code of ethics under which the company operates. The customer is the most important person to the company and in essence they strive to keep him satisfied. It is the mission statement, source of their inspiration, which keeps everyone in the company focused with a view to achieving this goal (Kettl James, 2009). Coca cola’s employee manual and the supervisor’s manual provide for all the needs of the employees and the management, ranging from health benefits to reasonable pay allowances. The company has a strict program of ethics and compliance to ensure that its code of ethics is adhered to. This code of conduct requires employees be honest and have integrity in everything they do for the company and has so far been successful in guiding its business conduct (Stone, 2008). This is communicated through reading the manual and all the directors are supposed t understand and exercise them within the company and the outside community at large. The company has an ethics and compliance committee whose job is the evaluation of the compliance with relation to the company’s productivity and its relations with the outside community. This committee determines code violation and recommends the action to be taken against the violator. The code of ethics is routinely revised to improve its effectives. The company needs to improve the code of ethics and update it so as to meet the challenging and changing trends in the business fraternity. Some regulations need to be adjusted so that the employees can interact with the outside community more freely, but this should be done with some regulations so that the people who work in the production department do not leak the company’s production formula to other rival companies (Fry, 1989). Company needs to urgently review mission statement. The statement is too sketchy and many other companies have come up with more catching and better worded mission statements and this has made them sneak their way into the company’s consumer base therefore reducing Coca Cola’s share of the market. Many people all over the world who used to rely on Coca Cola for refreshment have in the recent past turned to other means like tea, water and coffee and therefore the company should redraft its mission statement to reflect the current needs of the consumers. These changes should be communicated in a very aggressive advertisement exercise that will reach all the concerned people (Shafritz Hyde, 2009). This will surely make a change in the consumers’ hearts and renew their confidence in the company’s products. If I were the general manager of the Coca Cola Company, would hire a team of experts to review the company’s ethics, evaluate it and come up with suggestions on how make the existing one better. The team would have to the consumers armed with questionnaires and ask the relevant questions to determine how best the company can improve its services to suit the likes of the consumers. REFERENCES Dubois, H. F. W. Fattore, G. (2009). Definitions and typologies in public administration. Routledge. Fry, R ( 1989). Mastering Public Administration; from Max Weber to Dwight Waldo. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham House Publishers, Inc. Kettl, D James (2009). The Politics of the Administrative Process. Washington Shafritz, J Hyde, A (2007). Classics of Public Administration. Routledge. Stone, D (2008) Global Public Policy, Transnational Policy Communities and their Networks, Journal of Policy Sciences.

Business Plan Of Innovative Green Product Marketing Essay

Business Plan Of Innovative Green Product Marketing Essay The coconut crop is grown in 14.3 million hectares of land which constituted about 1.1 per cent of net crop area of the world. And annual output is around 13.3 billion coconut nuts in the India. In 1000 hectares of land approximately 1,47,000 trees can be planted and which can give 23 million coconuts. India contributes about 15.46 per cent in area and 21 per cent in terms of production of coconut in the world. The coconut crop is grown in eighteen States and three Union Territories. It is concentrated on the West Coast region of the country comprising the states of Kerala, Karnataka and Maharashtra, followed by East Coast of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Pondicherry. The coconut cultivation areas also traditionally located in the coastal region of Gujarat, Goa, West Bengal, Islands of Andaman Nicobar and Lakshadweep. Kerala is considered as the land of coconut and holds the key for the development of coconut. Coconut Development Board CDB is a main organization for the expansion and development of coconut industry. It is the main body which is attached to the coconut industry. Coconut Development Board is a statutory body established by the Government of India for the integrated development of coconut production and utilization in the country with focus on productivity increase and product diversification. The Board which came into existence on 12th January 1981, functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, with its Headquarters at Kochi in Kerala and Regional Offices at Bangalore in Karnataka, Chennai in Tamil Nadu and   Guwahati in Assam. There are six State Centres situated at Bhubaneswar in Orissa, Calcutta in West Bengal, Patna in Bihar, Thane in Maharashtra, Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh and Port Blair in the Union Territory of Andaman Nicobar Islands. FUNCTIONS OF THE BOARD Imparting technical advice to those engaged in coconut cultivation and industry. Providing financial and other assistance for the expansion of area under coconut. Encouraging adoption of modern technologies for processing of coconut and its products. Adopting measures to get incentive prices for coconut and its products. Presentation of Data For starting of any business, we required some market research data. Data may be primary or secondary data. Primary data are those which are collected for the first time. And the secondary data are those data which are collected from secondary sources like research paper, circulars, guidelines, magazines etc. We have to gather data which can help us in determining the feasibility of project. Here in this business plan we have collected primary data through questionnaire and interview method. Also we have studied some important data from government agency like Coconut Development Board (CDB), Food Agricultural Organization (FAO) etc. Following are the data was collected. Consumer Survey was carried out. Around 1000 Questionnaire were filled out. 65% respondents chosen natural health Coconut Water Out of this 65%; the proportion of age group of 18-35 years was around 70%. Market Availability/ Market Potentiality The coconut is not only significant in socio cultural needs of our society, but also has gained considerable importance in the national economy as a potential source ofemployment and income generation among the plantation crops. In India soft drink and juice industry is very vast. India has a diverse agro-climatic condition due to which there exists a wide-ranging and large raw material base suitable for food processing industries. India is the largest producer sugarcane, coconut etc. If we set up a plant, the availability of raw materials and infrastructure would be available to the entrepreneur. Indian soft drink market is valued to be Rs.7100 crore: In India soft drink companies have captured a large amount of market for colas and juice products. This is because of two reasons. First is India has a large population which can afford to consume a cola product with a reasonable price. Second is penetration of marketing activities carried out by marketers. In India the market for natural and health drink like coconut water has not surpassed too much. The reason may be lack of advertising efforts and lack of awareness among people about the coconut water benefits. So if we just turn the preference of 1% of the soft drink colas consumers, it will be great or huge market for coconut water. This is the reason of focusing on soft drink market. The carbonated drinks are the mainstay and accounts for 85% of the total soft drink market. There are also around 15% of the consumers prefer juice market. So they can be a less efforts required to shift their preference. Coconut water can be the part of the $19 billion sports drink market globally: In todays fast and stressful situation energy drink and sport drink are becoming more and more famous and favorable choice of consumers. Sports drink is useful to Athletes and sports enthusiasts to replenish electrolytes lost in perspiration. Coconut water contains more nutrition than any commercial sport drink. India being the less developed in nutritional level and governments interest in growing up of nutritional products: Indias rank in health development and facilities is very lower. As the time passes, government is also taking interest in increasing the nutritional product expansion and health of the public gets superior. So it may be steering point for development of coconut water. Benefits of the product First of all to start any of the business, we have to think about the benefits of the products and how it will be marketed so that the maximum utilities of the product can be possible. The water of tender Coconut is a sterile, nutritious, thirst quenching health drink. The pure and sweet tender coconut possesses enormous therapeutic properties and is a thirst quenching refreshing health drink for all age groups. Tender coconut water has the same level of electrolytic balance as we see in our blood. Numerous medicinal properties of tender coconut water reported are:   (Given by Coconut Development Board) Good for feeding infants suffering from intestinal disturbances.   Oral rehydration medium Contains organic compounds possessing growth promoting properties Keeps the body cool Application on the body prevents prickly heat and summer boils and subsides the rashes caused by small pox, chicken pox, measles, etc. Kills intestinal worms Presence of saline and albumen makes it a good drink in cholera cases Checks urinary infections.   Excellent tonic for the old and sick Useful for different diseases Useful to Athletes and sports enthusiasts to replenish electrolytes lost in perspiration. Can be injected intravenously in emergency case. Ingredients Nutritional Facts As everyone knows about health benefits of coconut water. Coconut water is also used for long term benefits like smoothly digestion system, smooth urine system, maintains body temperature etc. In coconut water main ingredients has been elaborated as follows. These all facts about nutrition is taken into consideration per 100 ml of coconut water. Nutrition (Per 100 ml) Potassium (mg %) 247 Sodium (mg %) 48 Minerals (mg %) 0.5 Fat (mg %) 0.1 Calcium (mg %) 40 Magnesium (mg %) 15 Phosphorous (mg %) 6.3 Iron (mg %) 79 Copper (mg %) 26 Protein (mg %) 0.1 Production Process The process from the starting to its final products is very easy. It does not require a high degree of mechanicals or engineering process. Coconut Water of 6-7 month stage is first filtered through pressure filters and then mixed with the desired proportion of additives plus sugar and concentrated to the appropriate level. The water is then packed in pouches/cans and retorted in an autoclave, after which it is cooled in a stream of cold water. List of machinery to be used: Coconut   water collection tank  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Autoclave Filter  Ã‚   Additive mixing tank  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   coconut water storage tank  Ã‚   Volumetric filling machine   Baby boiler  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Raw material  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10000 Coconuts Final product 3100 litres Driving Forces for Coconut Water At the time of setting up of any business, we have to see possibilities or factors that can help us in developing/expanding our product line. Generally these are called driving forces of the product. Following are the driving forces for the coconut water. Abundant availability of raw material: As we have seen that the India being the 3rd largest producers of coconut nuts globally. This production of crop has spread over the many states and union territories of India. So we can be sure about the continuously supply of raw materials throughout the year. The main season of procuring raw material is monsoon. Convenient in moving to final consumers: Generally, a coconut nut is heavy in weight and sometimes makes it difficult to carry in bulk. Even the time has come for packaged food and processing items. The marketability of packaged food and beverages has increased tremendously since last decades. So if coconut water is packaged in tetra pack or aluminum can or pouch, it will be convenient in carrying at different places for different time. Increasing awareness about health consciousness: In todays time people are tend to be more health conscious and prefer to natural eatable items. More specifically in metro cities or urban areas people have suffered too much from the disease and they are bearing the cost of hygiene foods. It is the result that coconut industry has developed by 2-3 times.Increasing dieses due to the soft drinks have awaked public more. Pure natural and hygiene product by sciences: In todays competitive era, everything has to be prove and get it to be certified and registered with the concerned agency for consumption. Coconut water is declared as pure natural and health drink by science. So it may also increase the chances of convincing people to shifts their choice. Liberal Government policy towards healthier eatable items: Government is also helping for promotion of healthy food and beverages. So for the coconut water promotion government policy may not be as strict as in the case of some others products. Increasing demand of By product like Ethanol coconut oil etc.: It has been increasing amount of petroleum products. Thereby spreading pollutions and decreasing volumes of non-renewable sources of energy. Lignocellulose can be used for this purpose. 9. Target market In the very beginning before launching of any product one has to think about their target market. Who will be their target customers?For the successful launching of Coconut Water in the market, following consumers would be targeted. Youth people [ India being the youngest country in world] Old aged people Patients (Strong Focus) Children Ladies [specially for pregnant ladies] India is the youth nation in the world. And youth people are tend to be more health awareness. Also India has a lot of opportunities for the patients as we have large number of sick people every year. We can also target pregnant ladies. Because even the doctors are also suggesting to drink coconut water as a good medicine. 10. Marketing and Communication As we have studied earlier that the reason for not popularity of coconut water product into the market. So here extremely efforts would be towards the marketing and communication aspects of marketing mix. Here we can consider important factors that affects to the final consumers. i.e. four Ps of marketing viz. Price Product Place Promotion. Pricing: Price of the product is very crucial and determinant of profit from that product. Especially here in the case of coconut water as we have to enter in that market which is dominated by giant companies with their giant operations of efficiency and marketing campaigns. At this stage we can go for two options that is capturing market share with lower pricing and creating awareness among public. And other option is charging competitive pricing with colas companies. Pricing @ introductory stage: Here we go with this option preferably. At the introductory stage of launching of product we have to pull huge customer attention. So we will keep our pricing at lower margin compare to the soft drink colas companies. At the initial stage we have decided price of Rs. 15 per 300 ml bottle. Competitive pricing to soft drinks and colas: As we start to grow our product into market, and research talks about the consumer awareness about coconut water into the market; we will be able to charge competitive pricing to the colas companies. Product: The second P of marketing is Product itself. It states following: How should be the product? How should it be packed in attractive way? How should it be in size etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦? How should it be looking externally? Here we will in the initial stage focus on 300 ml packaged in aluminum can. Afterwards in family size of 1 ltr,1.5 ltr and 5 ltr bottle. The main focus is on the external looking of the packing. Place: This P of marketing states about how product should be placed at different places so that there is maximum possibilities of sell. Place for Coconut Water includes following: Hospital region College areas Sports areas Gym Khana Malls Central areas etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ coffee houses or high end snack shops With the hope of moving the product into a more mainstream setting, our distribution strategy aims at selling to larger distributors that directly capture our niche target markets. We plan on expanding from smaller localized grocery stores into mainstream action sport retailers including: Sports Chalet, Sports Authority, larger surf retailers, 24 Hour Fitness, and Golds Gym. Our plans to move into these distribution channels with confidence, knowing the growing demand from our current selective target market. Promotion: Promotion may be of two types i.e. product promotion and sale promotion. Product promotion : Promotion of the products means making products more popular among the general public. Product promotion of Coconut Water includes:- Advertising. Free sample distribution. Health awareness programs. Social networking sites etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Yoga centers Sales promotion: Sales promotion means how to increase short run sales of the products. It denotes short run increase in sales. For the Coconut Water it includes:- Discounted pricing for big quantities like family pack, executive pack or party packing. Presenting lucky draw prizes. Sponsoring some social events. Point of purchase 11. By products In todays competitive era, cost reduction and maximum utilization of available resources has become very much important. It means in the production process, there should be a minimum wastage. Every component should be utilized as possible as their extent. Following are the coconut by products. Ethanol (lignocellulose waste): Though it is too much difficult to get liquid in terms of ethanol from wastage of shelf that is called lignocellulose waste. The reason for this coconut shelf has a large amount of glucose and minerals. If we are using huge amount of coconut shelf, it will be available for the by product. Coconut oil: There are so many producers in the market who makes coconut hair oil and also coconut edible oil. Coconut oil is used in the country as a cooking fat, hair oil, body oil and industrial oil. Coconut oil is made from fully dried copra having maximum moisture content of six per cent. Steam cooking of copra is also practiced by some millers to enhance the quality and aroma of oil. Refined coconut oil is also manufactured in the country for industrial uses. Refined coconut oil is mainly used in the manufacture of biscuits, chocolates and other confectionery items, ice cream etc. 12. Export Opportunities Today the extent of international trade has increased by many folds. Considering it as an opportunity we can also look forward for export efforts of coconut water in packaged form. The countries like UAE, USA, Japan and UK are the major export destination for the products. Because these are the nations which have applied and maximum users of the product. Even this nations government also plays an active role in marketing of this healthy product. First and foremost we have to acquire IEC (Import Export Code). This code can be availed through the DGFT i.e. Director General of Foreign Trade. Other than this there are so many documents required for fulfillment of the regulations like LC, Leding Letter, GR form, FEC A/c with RBI, quality certificate, contract with the overseas and domestic depository banks etc. We can also set up our plant at SEZ or EOU to avail the various government skims and subsidies. 13.Cost Analysis The very important aspect of any product or service is its price. Cost analysis includes from the beginning i.e. from the procurement of raw materials until it reaches to the final consumers. It is consisting of direct and indirect expenses. Purchase Rs. 4.50 per unit Other Cost Rs. 6.00 per unit 1. Transportation Cost. 2. Marketing Cost. 3. Packaging Cost. 4. Office Cost. 5. Other Cost. Total Cost per Unit: Rs. 10.50 Selling price : Rs. 15.00 Less (Total cost): Rs. 10.50 Profit per unit: Rs. 4 .50 Financial Aspects As we know finance is a blood for any organization. As our body will not work without blood. Similarly business activities cannot be worked or done without availability of finance. Here in this B plan we have taken model for coming five years. We have calculated financial flow for five years. Because at least we should be clear about next five years about our business, though not at all sure. Investment: Total machinery cost : Rs. 12 lakhs Other Fixed cost : Rs. 20 lakhs (Including Working Capital) Total cost Rs. 32 lakhs Total revenue : Net revenue in 1 year : Rs. 54,00,000 Total net revenue in 5 years : Rs. 3,22,82,700 Here machinery cost includes different types of machine required for carrying out the process. Other fixed cost includes land expenses, depreciation expenses, some lease expenses etc. Year wise calculation of revenue and growth Year Sales (units) Per Unit Price (Rs.) Total Value (Amount) % Growth 1 3,60,000 15 54,00,000 2 3,78,000 15 56,70,000 5 3 4,08,240 15 61,23,600 8 4 4,57,240 15 68,58,600 12 5 5,48,700 15 82,30,500 20 Total 21,52,180 03,22,82,700 Here we are setting target of monthly sales of 30,000 units thereby yearly sales in units will be around 3,60,000 units. By multiplying this by sales price of Rs. 15, we get net revenue of Rs. 54,00,00 at the end of 1st year. In the second year, we are setting target of 5% increase in sales volumes in 3rd year 8%, in 4th year 12% and in the last year 20% growth in sales volume. If we sum up, we will have earned net revenue of Rs. 3,22,82,700 in five years of time (assuming that the selling price would remain the same and growth target will be achieved through). Profit Calculation: Net revenue : Rs. 03,22,82,700 Less fixed cost: Rs. 32,00,000 Less Variable cost: Rs. 2,25,97,890 Net Surplus: - For five years Rs. 64,84,810 Average profit per year Rs. 12,96,962 BREAK EVEN POINT: FIXED COST Rs.32,00,000 - = - CONTRIBUTION Rs. 4.50 7,11,111 UNITS =============== BEP means at this stage No profit No loss. So it means till the sales volume of 7,11,111 units we will not have a profit. In second option if we want profit every year, we have to write off equal proportion of fixed cost from profit. 15 .Financial Feasibility of Project Before investing any amount in a project investor will think about its return. For this there are various method can be applied like Pay Back Period (PBP) method, IRR method or Net Present Value (NPV) method. Among this NPV is considered to be an appreciable method as it takes into account present value of future inflow. So here we will use NPV method to analyze the financial viability of project. Net Revenue Variable cost Fixed cost = Net surplus (In Rupees) Year Net Revenue (Rs.) Variable Cost (Rs.) Fixed Cost (Rs.) Net surplus (Rs.) PV factor @ 12% NPV (Rs.) 1 54,00,000 37,80,000 6,40,000 9,80,000 0.893 8,75,140 2 56,70,000 39,69,000 6,40,000 10,61,000 0.797 8,85,617 3 61,23,600 42,86,520 6,40,000 11,97,080 0.712 8,52,320 4 68,58,600 48,01,020 6,40,000 14,17,580 0.636 9,01,580 5 82,30,500 57,61,350 6,40,000 18,29,150 0.567 10,37,128 Total 32,00,000 45,51,787 We will calculate NPV @ 12% rate of return i.e. our required rate of return. We have total fixed cost of Rs. 32,00,00 spreading in five years of life. So per year we will write off equal proportion which is Rs. 6,40,000. So we will get net surplus every year by deducting variables and fixed cost from net revenue. If NPV > 1 project is selected If NPV If NPV = 1 project may be selected Conclusion: Here in this project NPV > 1. So project should be selected. As the total sum of future flow at present is greater than its investment made. Here our NPV is Rs. 45,51,787 and our investment outlay was Rs. 32,00,000. . Challenges/ Limiting factors for growth Market Dominated by soft drinks companies: As we can see in the market that the colas and drinking market is well dominated by giant colas companies. So As a new player in the market it will be tough to sell our product. And specially to convince to try a new one which is not entertaining or any status to the final consumers. So we have to work upon this and have to make proper strategies and programs to capture a market share. High popularity of soft drinks and colas among youths: As our youth people are most consuming colas. There is too much marketing penetration on youth. So Ill be difficult task to make our product more popular. Because unless our product is popular, no one is going to buy it or no one will know about our existence in the market. We have to divert maximum efforts towards the marketing funda. Challenges to maintain health standard of product as it is a natural product: As we are marketing our product as a natural product, we have to be very quality conscious and obey standards set by various laws. If we fail in that, competitors will take advantage of it and they will start spreading wrong rumors into market which will cause our ultimate sales volumes. From the view point of lower income society, it is an Exploiting business. As it reduces their employment: In majority case, coconuts are sold by small vendors on the roadside. Generally they are lower class people. They run their family on daily income basis. So if we start selling coconut water in packaged form, it may happen that small vendors sales will decline and consequently there will be negative impact on the family running. So they may also start a unethical social activities. So we have to find out solution to overcome these challenges. Here we can make them our vendors. And also we can follow the model of supplier and franchise. No longer life/Changes in taste in long period of time: If the coconut water comes in touch with air, within 24 hours it will spoil. We will not be able to drink it. The reason is some important bacteria evaporate from it. So as a solution we have to use scientific preservative technology and packaging techniques. Here we can add some additives which is natural and not harmful. We cant mix any hazardous chemicals like soft drink colas. 17. Laws For doing any business we have to follow the rules and regulations, policies of government laws. Here especially we are in processed and packaged food business. Also we are dealing with agro food as raw materials. So we have to take into consideration various laws. Below is the list of laws that we have to consider. Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PFA), 1954 The Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976 The Standards of Weights and Measures (Packaged Commodities) Rules, 1977 The Insecticide Act, 1968. Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1963. Environment Protection Act, 1986. The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 18. Conclusion As it is a natural and energy product People are becoming more health conscious Coming time is of natural items Market is broad Raw material and environment is appreciable Healthy government policies and subsidies Every coin has two sides. Similarly it has also pros and cons of starting up of unit. But after analyzing facts and situation, the more possible weight goes towards its favorable.

A Strategic Management In A Global Context Business Essay

A Strategic Management In A Global Context Business Essay Formal Strategic Planning is the process that involves an organisation in the defining of its strategy or direction and making the decisions on how its resources should be allocated in order to achieve this strategy. Formal strategic planning is affected by the macro-environment and this is the highest level layer in the framework, this consists of a wide range of environmental factors that impact to some extent on almost all organisations. The PESTEL framework can be used to identify how future trends in the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environment and Legal environments might affect an organisation. Pestel analysis provides the broad date from which key drivers to change can be identified. By using these key drivers organisations can envision scenarios for the future. Scenarios can be used to help organisations decide if change needs to happen depending on the different ways in which the business environment may change. It is important for managers to analyse these factors in the present and how they are likely to change in the future. By analysing these, managers will be able to draw out implications for the organisation. Pestel factors are sometimes linked together i.e. technological factors can impact on economic factors. It is necessary to identify the key drivers of change these are environmental factors that are likely to have a high impact on the success or failure of the strategy. Key drivers vary by industry i.e. Primark may be concerned by social changes that can change customer tastes and behaviours. The critical issues are the implications that are drawn from the understanding in guiding strategic decisions and choices. The next stage is drawn from the environmental analysis specifically strategic opportunities and threats for the organisation. Having the ability to identify these opportunities and threats is extremely valuable when thinking about strategic choices for the future. Opportunities and threats form one half of the SWOT analysis that shapes a companys formulation. The use of SWOT analysis can help summarise the key issues from the business environment and the strategic capability of an organisation that are most likely to impact on strategy development. Once the key issues have been identified an organisation can then assess if it is capable to deal with the changes taking place within the business environment. If the strategic capability is to be understood the business must remember that it is not absolute but relative to its competitors. SWOT analysis is only useful if it is comparative, that is it examines strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. SWOT analysis should help focus discussion on the future choices and to what extent an organisation is capable of supporting these strategies. SWOT analysis should not be used a substitute for more in-depth analysis. In responding strategically to the environment the goal is to reduce identified threats and take advantages of the best opportunities. Peter Drucker, discussing the importance of business policy and strategic planning in his book the practice of management says we cannot be content with plans for a future that we can foresee. We must prepare for all possible and a good many impossible contingencies. We must have a workable solution for anything that may come up. http://www.alagse.com/strategy/s1.php By taking advantage of the strategic gap (which is an opportunity in the competitive environment that has not been fully exploited by competitors) organisations can manage threats and opportunities. http://turbo.kean.edu/~jmcgill/assess.pdf http://polisci2.ucsd.edu/snunnari/HBR_on_Strategy_23_41.pdf#page=25 Core competencies are a set of linked business processes that deliver superior value to the customer, when these are combined they create strategic value and can lead to competitive advantage. By using Porters five forces analysis which is a framework for organisations to analyse industry and business strategy, they can draw upon the five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Three of Porters five forces refer to competition from external sources and the other two are internal threats. This analysis is just one part of the complete Porter strategic model the others include the value chain (VC) and the generic strategies. http://hbr.org/2008/01/the-five-competitive-forces-that-shape-strategy/ar/1 According to Porter (2008) the job of a strategist is too understand and cope with competition; however managers define competition too narrowly as if it has occurred only among today direct competitors. Competition goes beyond profits to include competitive forces such as customers, suppliers, potential entrants and substitute products; the extended rivalry that results from all five forces defines an industrys structure and shapes the nature of competition within an industry. For example Apple are good at technology and innovation therefore they can take the opportunities that give them competitive advantage and makes them leaders compared to Samsung or Nokia. Porters says there are 5 forces that shape the competition: Threat of new entrants Bargaining power of customers powerful customers usually bargain for better services which involve cost and investment Bargaining power of suppliers may determine the cost of raw materials and other inputs effecting profitability Rivalry among competitors competition influences the pricing and other costs like advertising etc. Threats from substitutes where-ever substantial investments in RD is taking place, the threat of substitutes is large. It also affects profitability. Competitive advantage is the heart of strategy and for the strategy to succeed the organisation should have relevant competitive advantage. We can see an example of this with Toshiba who operate in electrical goods, through a flexible manufacturing system it manufactures different products / varieties of some products on the same assembly lines. At Ohme it assembles nine varieties of computers on the same line and on the adjacent line it assembles 20 varieties of lap top computers. It is able to switch from one product / variety to another instantly at low cost and makes profits on low volume runs too. This flexibility of Toshiba to respond quickly and easily to the fast changing market demand is definitely one of its competitive advantages. Whereas its competitors make profits only through long volume runs of a particular model. However, there are a lot of companies who are choosing not to invest due to the recession; however Lidl and Aldi are taking advantage of supplying cheaper products giving them competitive advantage over say Waitrose. http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Bringing_discipline_to_strategy_1054 Benefits of Strategic Planning Effective strategic planning can positively improve the performance of an organisation and give them the ability to serve more clients, access additional resources or enhance the quality of service/product. It can also offer solutions to major organisational issues or challenges and gives stakeholders of the organisation an opportunity to develop harmonic solutions to long-term issues/challenges that have been affecting the organisation. Furthermore it allows for forward thinking, allowing an organisation the opportunity to pause and revisit the mission and create long-term vision. It allows clear future direction allowing stakeholders to look to the future, plan and respond to changes. Evaluation One of the major drawbacks of formal strategic planning is the uncertain dynamic environment, things change constantly and everything becomes shorter. The recession at the present time is making everything unpredictable and this is not good for strategic planning. According to Mintzberg 1994 strategic planning should be used to devise and implement the competitiveness of each business unit. Scientific management was pioneered by Fredrick Taylor and involved separating thinking from doing and thus creating a new function staffed by specialists. Planning systems were expected to produce the best strategies as well as step by step instructions on how to achieve this, but this never worked well. According to Mintzberg strategic planning is not strategic thinking, the most successful strategies are visions, not plans. When an organisation can differentiate between planning and strategic thinking they can then get back to what the strategy making process should be. Once a manger has the ability to learn from all sources around him, including personal experiences and market research and can integrate this into a vision of the direction that the business can then pursue. Mintzberg suggests that strategic planning is a misconception and rests upon three unsound arguments: that prediction is possible, thats strategists can be detached from the subjects of their strategies, and that the strategy-making process can be formalised. Strategic thinkers can apply lessons learned from Mintzberg (1994) three inherent fallacies of traditional planning: The Fallacy of Prediction is the assumption that we can actually control events through a formalised process that involves people engaged in creative or even routine work and can manage to stay on the predicted course. You need more than hard facts you need the personal touch. People are not objective, they are complex. The Fallacy of Detachment is the assumption we can separate the planning from the doing, if the system does the thinking, then strategies must be detached from the tactics. Formulation from implementation, thinkers from doers. One objective is to make sure senior managers receive relevant information without having to immense themselves in the details. One fact is innovation has never been institutionalised and systems have never been able to reproduce the synthesis created by the entrepreneur or the ordinary strategist and probably never will. The Fallacy of Formulisation suggests that systems could certainly process more information, at least hard information. However they could never internalise it, comprehend it, and put it all together. Such control is more a dream that a reality. Reality tells us that anomalies, the fickle behaviour of humans and the limitations of analysis play a huge factor in the organisational outcomes and to disregard them is risky and could lead to incomplete planning. What are the limitations of strategic planning when things are changing rapidly? http://www.globalfuture.com/planning1.htm The limitations of formal strategic planning can be seen if the future is uncertain and the expectations divert from the plan. There could also be internal resistance to formal strategic planning due to factors including: Information flows, decision making and power relationships could be unsettled Current operating problems may drive out long-term planning efforts There are risks and fears of failure New demands will be placed on managers and staff Conflicts with the organisation are exposed Planning is expensive in time and money Planning is difficult and hard work The completed plan limits choices and activities for the organisation in the future Nicholas ORegan, Abby Ghobadian, (2002) Formal strategic planning: The key to effective business process management?, Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 8 Iss: 5, pp.416 429 http://www.innovation.cc/scholarly-style/fairholm3.pdf

The Reality of Reality Television Essay -- Media Reality Television Pa

The Reality of Reality Television "The winner of the first Survivor competition is...Rich." It was the name heard 'round the country the night of August 23, 2000, as 51 million television viewers tuned in to the finale of Survivor. The questions, the predictions, the bets, and the reality rested on that one name. For three months, America watched and wondered. Who could it be? Who is the ultimate survivor? With the unveiling of that single, now infamous, name, you could almost feel the country erupt with emotion. The collective gasp of the shocked was shrouded by the cheers and hollers of all the Richard Hatch fans scattered across the country's living rooms and sports bars. But just how real is this reality tv? The idea of a "reality tv" show was first presented by MTV in the early 90's. The concept of the show was to place seven strangers in a common house for six months, all the while recording their social interactions. The intention was to observe the social dynamic and development of the housemates as they (according to the show's opening slogan) "stop acting polite and start getting real." The Real World debut was a major success for the network, especially in attracting a large teenage audience. Set in New York City, the show thrived by airing the housemates adventures both in and out of the house. From downtown raves to bedroom battles to intimate encounters, every move the housemates made was seen by the curious eyes of the American public. The Real World, now in its 10th season, has become a mainstay for the MTV network. Changing cities each season, the show constantly explores the issues and problems that young people face in today's society. In this way, the show tends to reach only a sp... ...F? Who Wants to Divorce Their Ungrateful Spouse? Survivor: In Space? Well, once again I am shocked by the newspaper headlines. Released to the press (I kid you not) on September 12, 2000: "NBC strikes deal for 'Survivor' show in space." How on earth could that possibly happen? How real can that actually be? I'm sure they have it all figured out. We instead should ask ourselves, does the degree of reality determine the quality of the entertainment? Maybe a better question is, should the degree of reality determine the quality of the entertainment? The decision lies in the viewer's hand, which grasps that all-powerful television remote. Many fates are determined by the simple click of a button. As for me, you can bet I'll be the first one watching as that lucky winner is launched into the stratosphere during the most exciting live broadcast in TV history.

Depression and Psychosis Essay -- Mental Health

For the purpose of this essay the user group I have decided to focus upon is people who suffer from mental health issues, in particular depression and psychosis. I will firstly talk about the illness and about the client group concerned. I will then discuss different treatments available and how effective communication is essential for the well being of these clients. I will then focus on different theories of communication from a psychology perspective and conclusively will discuss and critically analysis powers imbalances, inequalities and disadvantages. Depression haunts the lives of many. It exists in many forms, takes various guises and has been recognised for many centuries. Over two thousand years ago the Greek physician Hippocrates labelled the illness melancholia. The early thinking surrounding depression especially within the Greek community believed that "depression arouse of the body humour especially black bile." (Gilbert 1994) Early reports of depression can be found in numerous biblical texts. King soleman is believed to have suffered from an evil spirit and dark moods from which he eventually killed himself. " The book of Job is regarded as the work of a depressive." (S.Mangen 82) More recent sufferers include politicians such as Winston Churchill and Abraham Lincon and various other writers and poets such as Thomas Mann and Edgar Allen Poe. So whatever else we may say about depression, it seems that it has been in existence for a very long time. It is not unique to humans and various animal models of depression ha ve been advanced and researched. The type of people who suffer from depression vary and it is not too be stereotyped to the image of a person contained within a mental hospital rocking back... ...eds to be shown at all times and the lead should always be taken from the client. Due to word restrictions within this essay I feel that it is now important to bring together and conclude my findings regarding effective communication and depression. The example of my experience with the psychiatrist was a worse case scenario of communication gone wrong and basically everything that he did needs to be reversed for successful communication to take place. Needless to say when I felt better and was going through an "stable" period I demanded a change of psychiatrist and have since embarked on a university degree. Good communication skills can not however be read about or taught they are something that is practically learnt and the only way in which to monitor them is by being self analysing at all times and receiving feedback from clients and friends.

Krishna and Ang Mahabharata Essay

Bahagi ng Mahabharata ang Bhagavad Gita (o Bhagavadgita), isang diyalogo o pag-uusap sa pagitan nina Krishna atArjuna. The Mahabharata or is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Ramayana.[2] Besides its epic narrative of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pandava princes, the Mahabharata containsphilosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four â€Å"goals of life† or purusharthas (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the Mahabharata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, an abbreviated version of the Ramayana, and the Rishyasringa, often considered as works in their own right. habharata, ( Sanskrit: â€Å"Great Epic of the Bharata Dynasty†) one of the two Sanskrit great epic poems of ancient India (the other being the Ramayana). TheMahabharata is an important source of information on the development ofHinduism between 400 bce and 200 ce and is regarded by Hindus as both a text about dharma (Hindu moral law) and a history (itihasa, literally â€Å"that’s what happened†). Appearing in its present form about 400 ce, the Mahabharata consists of a mass of mythological and didactic material arranged around a central heroic narrative that tells of the struggle for sovereignty between two groups of cousins, the Kauravas (sons of Dhritarashtra, the descendant of Kuru) and thePandavas (sons of Pandu). The poem is made up of almost 100,000 couplets—about seven times the length of the Iliad and the Odyssey combined—divided into 18 parvans, or sections, plus a supplement titled Harivamsha (â€Å"Genealogy of the God Hari†; i.e., of Vishnu). sinulat ang tulang epikong ito na may layuning parangalan ang mga bayani nang maganap ang paglusob ng mga Aryano (mga Aryan) sa India.  Halos kapantay ng mga diyos ang mga maalamat na mga bayaning ito. The Mahabharata tells the story of two sets of paternal first cousins–the five sons of the deceased king Pandu (the five Pandavas and the one hundred sons of blind King Dhritarashtra–who became bitter rivals, and opposed each other in war for possession of the ancestral Bharata kingdom with its capital in the â€Å"City of the Elephants,† Hastinapura , on the Ganga river in north central India. What is dramatically interesting within this simple opposition is the large number of individual agendas the many characters pursue, and the numerous personal conflicts, ethical puzzles, subplots, and plot twists that give the story a strikingly powerful development. The five sons of Pandu were actually fathered by five Gods (sex was mortally dangerous for Pandu, because of a curse) and these heroes were assisted throughout the story by various Gods, sages, and brahmins, including the great sage Krishna Dvaipayana Vyasa (who later became the author of the epic telling this story), who was also their actual grandfather (he had engendered Pandu and the blind Dhrtarastra upon their nominal father’s widows in order to preserve the lineage). The one hundred sons of the blind king Dhartarashtra, on the other hand, had a grotesque, demonic birth, and are said more than once in the text to be human incarnations of the demons who are the perpetual enemies of the devotees of the lord. The most dramatic figure of the entire Mahabharata, however, is Sri Krishna who is the supreme personality of Godhead himself, descended to earth in human form to reestablish his devotees as care takers of the earth, and who practice Dharma. Krishna Vasudeva was the cousin of both parties, but he was a friend and advisor to the Pandavas, became the brother-in-law of Arjuna , and served as Arjuna’s mentor and charioteer in the great war. Krishna Vasudeva is portrayed several times as eager to see the war occur, and in many ways the Pandavas were his human instruments for fulfilling that end. The Dhartarashtra party behaved viciously and brutally toward the Pandavas in many ways, from the time of their early childhood. Their malice displayed itselfwhen they took advantage of the eldest Pandava, Yudhishthira (who had by now become the ruler of the world) in a game of dice: The Dhartarashtras ‘won’ all his brothers, himself, and even the Pandavas’ common wife Draupadi They humiliated all the Pandavas and physically abused Draupadi; they drove  the Pandava party into the wilderness for twelve years, and the twelve years of exile had to be followed by the Pandavas’ living somewhere in society, in disguise, without being discovered. The Pandavas fulfilled their part of that bargain by living out side the kingdom, but the evil leader and eldest son of Dhartarashtra, Duryodhana , was unwilling to restore the Pandavas to their half of the kingdom when the thirteen years had expired. Both sides then called upon their many allies and two large armies arrayed themselves on ‘Kuru’s Field’ (Kuru was one of the eponymous ancestors of the clan), eleven divisions in the army of Duryodhana against seven divisions for Yudhishthira. Much of the action in the Mahabharata is accompanied by discussion and debate among various interested parties, and the most famous dialog of all time, Krishna Vasudeva’s ethical lecture and demonstration of his divinity to his devotee and friend Arjuna (the Holy Bhagavad Gita appeared in the Mahabharata just prior to the commencement of the world war. Several of the important ethical and theological themes of the Mahabharata are tied together in this Gita, and this â€Å"Song of the Blessed One† has exerted much the same sort of powerful and far-reaching influence in the Vedic Civilization that the New Testament has had in the Christian world. The Pandavas won the eighteen day battle, but it was a victory that deeply troubled all except those who were able to understand things on the divine level (chiefly Krishna, Vyasa, and Bhishma the Bharata patriarch who was symbal of the virtues of the era now passing away). The Pandavas’ five sons by Draupadi, as well as Bhimasena and Arjuna Pandava’s two sons by two other mothers (respectively, the young warriors and Abhimanyu, were all tragic victims in the war. Worse perhaps, the Pandava victory was won by the Pandavas slaying, in succession, four men who were like fathers to them: Bhishma, their teacher Drona , Karna (who was, though none of the Pandavas knew it, the first born, pre-marital, son of their mother), and their maternal uncle Shalya (all four of these men were, in succession, ‘supreme commanders’ of Duryodhana’s army during the war). Equally troubling was the fact that the killing of the first three of these ‘respected elders,’ and of some other enemy warriors as well, was accomplished only through ‘ trickery’, most of which were suggested by Krishna Vasudeva as absolutely required by the circumstances. The ethical gaps were not resolved to anyone’s satisfaction on the su rface of the narrative and the aftermath of  the war was dominated by a sense of horror and malaise. Yudhishthira alone was terribly troubled, but his sense of the war’s wrongfulness persisted to the end of the text, in spite of the fact that everyone else, from his wife to Krishna Vasudeva, told him the war was right and good; in spite of the fact that the dying patriarch Bhishma lectured him at length on all aspects of the Good Law (the Duties and Responsibilities of Kings, which have rightful violence at their center; the ambiguities of Righteousness in abnormal circumstances; and the absolute perspective of a beatitude that ultimately transcends the oppositions of good versus bad, right versus wrong, pleasant versus unpleasant, etc.); in spite of the fact that he performed a grand Horse Sacrifice as expiation for the putative wrong of the war. These debates and instructions and the account of this Horse Sacrifice are told at some length after the massive and narrative of the battle; they form a deliberate tale of pacification that aims to neutralize the inevitable reactio ns of the war. In the years that follow the war Dhritarashtra and his queen Gandhari , and Kunti, the mother of the Pandavas, lived a life of asceticism in a forest retreat and died with yogic calm in a forest fire. Krishna Vasudeva departed from this earth thirty-six years after the war. When they learned of this, the Pandavas believed it time for them to leave this world too and they embarked upon the ‘Great Journey,’ which involved walking north toward the polar mountain, that is toward the heavenly worlds, until one’s body dropped dead. One by one Draupadi and the younger Pandavas died along the way until Yudhishthira was left alone with a dog that had followed him all the way. Yudhishthira made it to the gate of heaven and there refused the order to drive the dog back, at which point the dog was revealed to be an incarnate form of the God Dharma (the God who was Yudhishthira’s actual, physical father), who was there to test Yudhishthira’s virtue. Once in heaven Yudhishthira faced one final test of his virtue: He saw only the Dhartarashtra Clan in heaven, and he was told that his brothers were in hell. He insisted on joining his brothers in hell, if that were the case! It was then revealed that they were really in heaven, that this illusion had been one final test for him.

Edgar Sia II biography Essay

Down south in Iloilo city, he was once an obscure, down-to-earth businessman eking out a living. He’s nicknamed â€Å"lnJap,† the combined first syllables of his parents’ ethnic origins – father is â€Å"intsik† (Chinese), while mother is Japanese, both entrepreneurs. Instead of pursuing a business degree in college as desired by his parents, Sia took a course in architecture in college, but only to drop out later. Yes, he’s a school dropout. Apparently bored by the daily routine of going to and from school, Sia tried his luck in business, a decision that proved to be the turning point of his life and career path. At 20, he tried his hand in running various businesses, ranging from family-owned hotel to the ubiquitous laundry and photo developing shops. Parking lot Like any typical Ilonggo, Sia liked to dine out. His favorite food was the fried chicken served by fastfood chains Jollibee and McDonald’s. But then, something was missing – the fried chicken looked and tasted too foreign, westernized. It didn’t suit the taste buds of typical Ilonggos or Pinoys. Wanting to be different, Sia struck the idea of a homespun food outlet serving Filipino-style street fare in a restaurant-type setting. He found an unoccupied 250 square meter spot in the parking lot of a popular mall in Iloilo city. That space became the birth place of the now popular Mang ‘nasal serving charcoal- broiled chicken with unlimited rice. It has since become a modern icon of the Ilonggo culinary culture. Parents To set his plans in motion, Sia spared no time and effort to borrow P2. 4 million as a start-up capital from his parents. Soon, Mang ‘nasal caught fire in the local food scene. It opened to business on Dec. 12, 2003. Long queues of food habitu ©s flocked to the resto, despite the ushrooming of similar establishment all over Iloilo city. With popularity of Mang ‘nasal surging not only in the city, but also in the neighboring regions, it was not surprising that many knocked on Sia’s doors applying for a franchise. But he was adamant in acceding to franchising. To Sia, it’s not unusual to witness huge crowds trying out a new resto in its first three months of operations. â€Å"After six months, you have a 50-50 chance of sustaining that crowd. If after a year, they still keep going to you, you probably have a hit,† he recalls. It was an understatement. Franchising What drew the crowds of foodies to Mang ‘nasal was its charcoal-grilled chicken served with rice wrapped in a banana leaf. It was unique in the sense that it wasnt like anything on the menus of rivals McDonald, KFC or even Jollibee. The flavor was distinctively Filipino, as was the earthy d ©cor with wooden tables, handmade paper lamps and walls painted in orange, green and yellow. So popular that Mang ‘nasal soon ate up the market share of Jollibee and McDonald’s in the fried chicken segment. From that lone nook and cranny in a mall, Mang ‘nasal soon branched out to nearby ities and provinces largely aided by Sla’s decision to allow franchisees starting in 2005. Menus and sales In March 2012, Mang ‘nasal grew to a network of 433 restaurants all over the country, chalking up gross sales of close to PIO billion since it opened to business in 2003. To date, it has about 14,200 workers and a market value of P7 Billion. Each store employs an average of 40 people. Despite the stiff competition in the grilled food business, Mang ‘nasal still blazed new trails in the fastfood market. Its secret recipe is the use local herbs and spices. Grilled chicken isn’t the only fare that Mang ‘nasal offers. In response to the fast- pork sinigang, batchoy, etc. Sensing that Mang ‘nasal was giving its competitors a run for their money, Jollibee owner Tony Tan Cak Tiong Just couldn’t bear seeing his flagship’s market dominance eroded by a new kid on the block. Jollibee Rather than resort to the futility of beating Mang ‘nasal in the fastfood business, Jollibee instead took Sia’s company into its fold. Tan Cak Tiong shelled out a hefty Php2. 8 billion to acquire 70 percent equity in Sla’s flagship in 2010. Somehow, the deal cut short what could have been Mang ‘nasal’s long Journey to topple Jollibee from its position as the countrys number one fastfood chain. In no time, Mang ‘nasal has emerged as the second largest chain next to Jollibee, beating American multinational McDonald’s. Apparently sentimental, Sia admitted that his sale of a majority stake in ‘nasal to Jollibee was â€Å"painful. † In a letter to his â€Å"Mang ‘nasal Family,† expressed â€Å"deep sadness† like a â€Å"father parting with his child† as he handed over the care of the restaurant to the giant conglomerate. Though relegated as a minority shareholder, Sia still exercises a certain degree of managing Mang ‘nasal as part of the Jollibee’s overall management group. The youthful entrepreneur is not one who rests on his laurels. With Mang Inasal safely entrenched in its niche in the highly competitive fastfood market, Sia has begun nurturing the growth of his new fastfood firm Deco’s, considered as the original batchoy resto. Never dreamed of From initial outlets in Iloilo city, Deco’s has already branched out to other parts of the country, including Metro Manila. Like the trailblazing Mang ‘nasal, Sia is bullish his latest venture will reach the zenith of success, given his tried, tested and proven recipe of entrepreneurship. In 2011, the young Sia was recognized as one of the Ten Outstanding Young Men of the Philippines for Entrepreneurship. No less than President Aquino handed the prestigious award in ceremonies at Malacanang Palace. Sia is also a recipient of the Urban Leadership Award from the Canadian Urban Institute for Entrepreneurship in 2010 and his â€Å"outstanding contributions† to the nhancement of the public realm and the quality of life in the Metro Iloilo-Guimaras For two years, from 2011 to 2012, Sia made it to the elite list of Us-based Forbes magazine as one of the 40 richest Filipinos. With sales of Mang ‘nasal booming over the past years, his net worth has zoomed steadily, amounting to a mind-boggling P5. 8 billion as of last June. At age 35, Sia has earned the distinction as the Philippines’ youngest billionaire he never dreamed of. Mr. Edgar J. Sia, lnJap, II is the Founder of the Mang ‘nasal food chain. Mr. Sia serves as Chief Executive Officer of lnJap Investments, Inc. lnJap Land Corporation (DoubleDragon Properties Corp)and People’s Hotel Corporation. Mr. Sia has been Board Advisor of Philippine Bank of Communications Inc. since August 29, 2012 and served as its Director from July 26, 2011 to August 29, 2012. He serves as Chairman of lnJap Investments, Inc. , lnJap Land Corporation and People’s Hotel Corporation. He serves as Director of Jollibee. He was awarded the Small Business Entrepreneur award in 2010 by the Ernst & Young for best demonstrating management excellence in a business with assets less than Php100 million.